The First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform

Final Paper: The First Step Towards Lasting Campaign Finance Reform â€Å"You don t put vote Bartlet in the ad, you can pay for it with unmarked bills from a bank heist if you want to.† - Bruno Gianelli (Fictional character, The West Wing, S03E06, â€Å"Gone Quiet†)1 Debates about the just and proper financing of campaigns for public office can be traced as far back as the Federalist Papers. On one side are those that believe any restriction in the frequency or amount of individual, corporate or union donations is an unconstitutional assault on the freedom of (political) expression guaranteed by the First Amendment. On the other side are those that worry about the fair stewardship of elections. Do those with the means to make more†¦show more content†¦According to OpenSecrets.org, â€Å"Super PACs may raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions, associations and individuals, then spend unlimited sums to overtly advocate for or against political candidates. Super PACs must, however, report their donors to the Federal Election Commission on a monthly or quarterly basis -- the Super PAC s choice -- as a traditional PAC would. Unlike traditional PACs, Super PACs are prohibited from donating money directly to political candidates.†2 While Super PACs do need to make financial disclosures to the FEC on a monthly basis, their ability to take donations from corporations leaves them amble room to leave the names of their end donors undisclosed. Many Super PACs report donations as coming from one or multiple 501(c)(4) (politically active non-profit) organizations that do not have to disclose their donors. This is referred to as the Russian nesting doll problem† among campaign finance reform advocates. It is worth noting that the rise of Super PACs and other forms of unregulated campaign spending is of concern to politicians too. President Obama, as part of his 2010 State of the Union Address, said, â€Å"With all due deference to separation of powers, last week the Supreme Court reversed a century of law that I believe will open the floodgates for special interests –- including foreign corporations –- to spend without limit in our elections. I don t think American elections should be

Example Tourism Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 885 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Tourism Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Outline the key requirements for good research and identify how research might support policy-making. Research, defined as a broad range of processes designed to provide policy makers and managers with information that is objective, reliable and as reproducible as possible (Bull, 1999) is a vital business tool used to support policy makers in making decisions. Page (2003) also suggests that tourism policy-making is inherently a political activity, affected by the formal structure of government. A wide range of forces affects policy making, and policy does not exist in a vacuum, because various agencies exist to implement it. Drew (1980) suggests that research is conducted to solve problems and to expand knowledge, and stresses that research is a systematic way of asking questions, a systematic method of enquiry (taken from Bell, 1999). As previously mentioned, policy making is a fundamental business tool, however it must be noted that undertaking research is also a very expensive, time consuming and complex task and researchers must be able to select the right information t o avoid further implications. Research activity supports policy-making in a number of ways. First of all if a company is deciding to open a new site in a different country for example, they will need to know who their competitors are, how accessible is the place, where will the labour come from, what impact will this have on the locals? How safe is the area? How will the marketing and advertising be conducted to ensure its success? It is clear from this simple example how complicated and time consuming information gathering can be. Primary data, secondary data, or both may be used in a research investigation. Primary data is original data gathered for a specific purpose as for example interviewing the local community, while secondary data is data that has already been collated for similar purposes, i.e. crime statistics. Data here, could be collected either through quantitative, therefore utilising a positivist approach, or qualitative methods therefore adopting a phenomenolo gical approach. Policy makers will need to know whether that policy is going to be successful, politically/legally/ethnically acceptable, the costs involved, the number of staff needed to implement that policy and whether it fits with the wants, needs and aspirations of the people directed at (Ritchie and Goeldner,1994). Taking into consideration the fact that research can be an expensive and time consuming task and that this may make or break policy decisions, some key requirements for good research have been identified. Bell (1999) suggests that the following are to be considered as key requirements for good research to be conducted: the utility of data, therefore the data that can be used, the cost-effectiveness whereby benefits must be greater than costs; timeliness therefore data that will be there when needed; accuracy, data will need to be accurate; and finally whatever procedure for collecting data is selected, it should always be examined critically to assess to wh at extent it is likely to be reliable. Reliability is the extent to which a procedure provides similar results under constant conditions on all occasion, however due to the nature of tourism this is not always the case. Three policies examples will now be provided to show how research generated the information that was needed to make those policy decisions. The first policy considered is that of Stonehenge. As suggested by Chris Blandford Associates (2000) this World Heritage Site survived for thousands of years and not so long ago two roads were introduced into the landscape, bringing with them ever increasing traffic and serious environmental problems. Governments proposal to close the A344 and to place the A303 in a 2 Kilometre tunnel where it passes the stone has raised many arguments. The policy for Stonehenge all started with the vision to save this site from environmental degradation and placing it back in its original and unique settings, by eliminating the impact o n the environment made by the noise and sight of traffic. The way in which this could be achieved was by closing one road, the A344, and introducing a two kilometre tunnel. It is important to stress that the decision of policy makers to close the road and introduce the tunnel to solve the problem, has not been decided overnight, but has been the result of extensive study and consultation since 1991, and alternative ways have been considered prior to the decision. Between 1991 and 1993 other 50 possible routes were considered. At this stage researchers decided to gather primary data, by means of a panel, from local bodies and organisations in order to have their views on the matter. Each representative gave their own view, and during the process all the possible alternatives were considered and discussed. A Public Consultation was held in April 1993, whereby four routes were put forward as a possible solution to the problem. In 1994 two national bodies organised a one-day in ternational to debate solutions for both a road improvement and a new visitor centre for Stonehenge (Chris Blandford Associates, 2000). A Public Exhibition was held in September 1995 and a Planning Conference followed in November 1995 to understand publics and other interested organisations perceptions and ideas of the proposal. A further public consultation was held in 1999, and once again households in the vicinity were consulted (Chris Blandford Associates, 2000). In November 2000, the Highway Agency conducted primary research to gather qualitative and quantitative data by means of desk study and field. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Example Tourism Essay" essay for you Create order

Essay about Emr - 5300 Words

Social Change of EMR Introduction/Thesis A chartless/paperless doctor’s office was once something only dreamt of in a Star Trek episode. Soon humans will utilize laser beams as a major mode of transportation; well possibly in the distant future we will transport ourselves via laser beam. The advancements in health care technology have made it possible to obtain a chartless (paperless) environment. Whether you are in private practice or part of a major health care organization, the latest technological push is towards EMR (electronic medical record) systems. The impact of EMR systems can be compared to a small earthquake; it has the potential to send shock waves through a health care environment long after the initial quake has†¦show more content†¦5. Clinically-Driven Product Design – Does the product meet the best practice standards? Does it contain the clinical design need for capturing, retrieving and reporting data? 6. Return On Investment – What will your return or cost savings is for implementing an EMR product? 7. Product Integration – Can the product easily be interfaced with other products? 8. Vendor Stability – Will the vendor still be in business in ten years from now or will you be searching for a new product? 9. Commitment to Product Development – The insurance companies and government are constantly adding new guidelines and laws for health care, can and will this sustain upgrades and enhancements? Now that a product has been chosen, design, testing, training and implementation are the next steps. In conjunction with the first three steps, advertising the product is key, especially in a large health care setting. It is critical to the project to get the word out regarding the products efficiency. Make people excited about the endless possibilities and functionality of the product. Post signs on the employee bulletin board, hand out lapel or badge pins, and promote a campaign slogan and logo for the new product. An example of a slogan/logo would be â€Å"don’t get stuck on paper†, the logo is a picture of a provider with post-it notes stuck to him/her. Lastly, appoint a Physician Champion to each clinical area. The champion will play a notableShow MoreRelatedEmr Innovations2012 Words   |  9 PagesCase 3 EMR Innovations Table of Contents Executive summary 3 Introductionamp; problem /issues identification 4 EMR’s product and how is attempting to market 4 External Analysis 6 Opportunities 6 RV industry 6 RV culture 6 Threats 7 Competitors 7 Analysis and recode current situation 8 Internal analysis 8 RVs internal weakness and strength 8 EMR Innovations internal weakness and strength 9 Marketing Audit 10 RV’s Current Marketing Strategy 10Read MoreEmr Innovations1998 Words   |  8 PagesCase 3 EMR Innovations Table of Contents Executive summary 3 Introductionamp; problem /issues identification 4 EMR’s product and how is attempting to market 4 External Analysis 6 Opportunities 6 RV industry 6 RV culture 6 Threats 7 Competitors 7 Analysis and recode current situation 8 Internal analysis 8 RVs internal weakness and strength 8 EMR Innovations internal weakness and strength 9 Marketing Audit 10 RV’s Current MarketingRead MoreElectronic Medical Records ( Emr )1245 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic medical records (EMR) Introduction For centuries, paper-based records were the only way of communicating patient’s medical records throughout the health care system. Gradually, for the past two decades, the healthcare system has been transitioning toward computerized systems called electronic medical records better knowns as EMR. Dr. Clem McDonald from the Regenstrief Institute stated that his â€Å"goal was to solve three problems, to eliminate the logistical problems of the paper recordsRead MoreCurrent Policies For Emr Practitioners Figure 1 : Showing Adoption Of Emr1390 Words   |  6 Pages December 2015 Table of contents Summary Introduction EMR (problems) Risks in EMR Current policies for EMR practitioners Figure 1: showing Adoption of EMR Figure 2: adoption of EMR by parties Conclusions and recommendations References Summary EMR systems would change the way care is delivered with designed technology and properRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )1688 Words   |  7 PagesObama government pushed for the automation of Electronic Medical Record (EMR), hospitals and private practices were required to follow the government mandate to avail of the incentives and at the same time to qualify for Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements. Moving from paper to electronic records was a monumental tasks not only in the implementation of the software but also in training all hospital providers to properly use the EMR. In 2010, the University of Maryland Medical System (UMMS) decidedRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesRecord (EMR). While not all offices and hospitals have switched to an EMR it is becoming more standard to be a routine part of healthcare. Now patients can even view their health care records on the cellphones. Providers can access a patient’s health records at home and no longer be stuck in the office. EMR’s changed healthcare greatly, did it change for the better? Positive Effects of EMR More accurate record keeping. Perhaps the most positive change related to the creation of EMR is moreRead MoreEmr Innovation for Rvs Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesRaul Melendez RV EMR Innovations case 1. Succinctly describe the real product that EMR is attempting to market * Eric Reynolds and Mary Reynolds are a young couple that formed their love over RV’s (recreational vehicles) into a profitable business. In 1995, the Reynolds opened an RV repair business out of their home and by 1999 the business was large enough to allow them to open their own shop in Amana, Iowa. On 2002, Eric Reynolds came up with innovative products that helped or repairedRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr )952 Words   |  4 Pagesbenefits of HIT some conflicts still rise about its complete adaptation and success in the future. Mainly to those particular HITs, Electronic Medical Records (EMR), Personal Health Records (PHR) and Electronic Health Records (EHR). Electronic medical record (EMR) is the renovation of a patient clinical data from paper based into a computer based. EMRs consist of mainly data gathered by a Primary Physician or one hospital. The compile information can be as follows: notes, health maintenance informationRead MoreElectronic Medical Record ( Emr ) Essay1810 Words   |  8 Pages Data Errors in Electronic Medical Records Amanda Baksh Nursing 232 Professor Virgona May 19,2015 An Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a digital account of a paper chart in a health facility. It comprises of a systematic collection of treatment and medical account of the individual patients in one practice. An EMR permits a medical officer to keep track of data over time, simply recognize which patients are in line for for preventative screenings, look how patients are faring on particularRead MoreElectronic Medical Records ( Emr )1322 Words   |  6 Pagesplays a vital role on the overall productivity of a medical practice. Electronic medical records (EMR) are commonly used by both large and small practices. They offer practices an efficient mean of storing patient data; furthermore, the government offer incentives for meaningful use of electronic medical records. Generally when it comes to implementing an EMR, it is necessary to choose the right vendor. EMRs usually fall into three vendor systems: single-vendor, best-of-breed, and best-of-suite. The single-vendor

The Ethical And Morality Of Pornography - 916 Words

For many years there has been a lot of arguments about the ethical and morality of pornography. pornography is defined as the depiction of erotic behavior intended to cause sexual excitement. When it coms down to pornography, people have different opinions about it. Some people might find it moral because it gives them pleasure and it satisfies them physically. some individuals see it as a form of art that describes the figure of a human body in an artistic form. Others see it as immoral because it harms and degrades an individual. Personally I believe that it all depends how pornography is conducted and how we respond to it. It can be morally healthy that we like it because it makes us happy, such as it helps with your marriage relationship in intimacy, and it can be immoral when it is used in an unhealthy that we do not like it because hurts an innocent person. From the Utilitarianism view point, pornography is seen as morally right because it provides the greatest benefit of happiness for the greatest good. The Utilitarianism suggest that there is an obvious solution that is fair, and it may be one that appeals to common sense† and that â€Å"one should choose to do that which produces a better outcome for the largest number of people.† (Mosser, K. 2013, Ch. 1.6). under Utilitarianism, pornography offers benefits in marriage because couples can revive their marriage by using pornography as a new tool to explore each others intimacy and satisfy their sexual relationship. SomeShow MoreRelatedEthical and Legal Issues at the Workplace: A Case Study1053 Words   |  4 Pagesthat one could frame the ethical issue in this case. The first is whether private Internet surfing on company time is unethical, the second is whether surfing pornography specifically is an ethical issue. Surfing in general is strictly an ethical issue, dependi ng on what the companys specific policy is. Surfing pornography is also a legal issue, as such activity could constitute a hostile work environment (as in Gallagher v. C.H. Robinson Worldwide). There are two key ethical issues at work in thisRead MorePornography And Its Effects On Women861 Words   |  4 PagesWhile pornography is not only degrading to women, it is degrading to men as well because it is mostly deemed unethical, it is viewed based on Ethical Theories and moral reasoning, and it is not always intellectually stimulating. Pornography is printed or visual material containing explicit description of sexual body parts or activity, intended to stimulate erotic versus emotional feelings. Depending on the manner that the pornography is brought about it can be stimulating to some, but have no effectRead MoreYoung Chinese Women Attitudes Towards Pornography963 Words   |  4 Pagesthe use of a comparative qualitative research design, this research can explore women’s a ttitudes and beliefs regarding to pornography and its consumption in considerable depth, but the small sample size (only eight research participants) of this qualitative research can result in lack of representation in the research findings of young Chinese women attitudes towards pornography. Bryman (2012) condemned that majority of the research findings from qualitative research cannot be generalised to a biggerRead MoreThe Censorship of Pornography1581 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Censorship of Pornography: Censorship is vital and takes place on a daily basis in the modern society even in nations that state their respect and maintenance of the freedom of speech. For instance, there are several regulations that restrict broadcasters in the kind of programmes to be transmitted as specific times of the day. The other ways with which censorship happens every day is through the laws that forbid people from expressing themselves publicly toward particular political or ethnicRead MoreEssay about The Harmful Effects of Pornography 1626 Words   |  7 Pages Whether pornography is an excuse to make acts of violence public? A big number of famous scholars, no matter men or women, have given their opinions. Each of them has their own view, but we can sort them into two groups, which are against to serious censorship and willing to convict and uproot pornography. Because of pornography, women’s status can never be equal to men’s. Recently, a revolution about the perception of moral values comes out in the world, which refers to how deep the changes ofRead MoreEthics on Pornography1526 Words   |  7 PagesTà ¼rkay SARIKAYA 20701889 Section 02 Research paper 1ST draft ETHICS OF PORNOGRAPHY Everybody knows something about porn. But what is porn really? Why it is exist? People get pleasure from porn. Porn is just for an entertainment and it is like other genres of movies. It is just like action, just like horror†¦ Porn is a genre and it has some sub-genres in it. In Turkish there is a word says; â€Å"nerede à §okluk orada bokluk† means if there are so many things there must be bad things inRead MoreEssay on week2assignment1564 Words   |  7 Pageshave the same capacities. The virtue of a woman is to nurture her family. Families will be better off if women are able to participate in politics. None of the above Question 3. 3. Which statement is an objection to ethical egoism? (Points : 1) It can’t be shown to be false and thus doesnt explain anything. Few people demonstrate that they act out of self-interest. Being selfish isn’t a very nice way to act. It is always clear whatRead MoreProstitution Laws On Judeo Christian Morality1826 Words   |  8 PagesWestern countries like the United States base many of their prostitution laws on Judeo-Christian morality, which discourages the act of selling sex due to the belief that sex is sacred in creating life, however many theorists disagree due to its singular concern. With Fondation Scelles reporting that 80% of prostitutes in the world are women aged between 13 and 25, and the political inclusion of the right to an individual’s personal liberty, the debate of prostitution serves to be a pluralized issueRead More Children and the Censorship of Internet Pornography Essay4060 Words   |  17 Pagesbackgrounds come together linked upon this network resembling a connection of one body in unity. Sadly, issues arise creating concern for users, focusing particularly on minors. Pornography is one of the inappropriate materials on the Internet for minors. This material is har mful to young impressionable minds. Pornography is tearing and disintegrating the foundations of our society can be described as follows, what was available to a small number of people willing to drive to the bad side of townRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma in Counseling: Deciding Between Two Rights624 Words   |  3 PagesAn Ethical Dilemma in Counseling: Deciding between two rights Ethics, considered the study of moral philosophy, is a broad way of defining human duty, right and wrong; essentially, it is more expansive than simply applying a principle. Dilemmas are situations that require a choice between options appearing uniformly favorable, unfavorable or mutually exclusive. Naturally, an ethical dilemma can place a professional counselor in a precarious position, thereby compromising the effectiveness of the

Optical Illusions Essay Example For Students

Optical Illusions Essay My research paper is about the anatomy of an optical illusion. Optical Illusions are relevant to aviation in that the main guidance system of most aircraft on most flights is the pilots eyes. Everyone, including pilots, is susceptible to an optical illusion. The hazards of optical illusions are many considering that at any time during the flight they can cause a healthy and experienced pilot to become confused, delusional and generally disoriented with obvious possible consequences. This is why we must study and be aware of optical illusions so that we may be better prepared should we encounter one at a critical time. To better illustrate the origins of optical illusions I will review some parts of the brain and their functions. The brain has seven main parts, they are: the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the cerebellum, the brain stem, the corpus callosum, the two hemispheres, and the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. The thalamus is located just above the brain stem. It acts like a switchboard, deciding what to do with the messages that come to the brain. If you were reacting to a situation like flying in a dogfight, and radio chatter was coming through your headphones, your thalamus would ignore the radio chatter. The hypothalamus controls our emotions such as happiness and sadness. It also controls our sense of temperature and our feeling of hunger. It is located directly in front of the thalamus. It is also one of the organs that is fully developed when you are born. The cerebellum is the part of the brain that controls our muscles. When we are born, our cerebellums arent fully developed. Thats why we didnt do things in a coordinated manner with our limbs. We moved shakily with our bodies because messages from another part of our brain called the cerebrum werent organized by the cerebellum. The brain stem is located at the back of the brain, right below the thalamus. It has the responsibility of taking care of involuntary movements such as breathing, blinking, and making our heart beat. The cerebrum is the largest part of our brain. It takes care of our motor skills such as speaking, walking, and writing. These skills are operated in the outside layer of the brain, called the cortex. It is the last part of the brain to develop and is unique only in humans. The cerebrum is divided into two halves, or hemispheres. Our major learning senses are located within the two hemispheres. The corpus callosum is the connector for the two hemispheres of the brain and sends messages between the hemispheres. Your corpus callosum is able to send about twenty messages per second and routes them to various nerve cells called neurons. The brain receives messages through these neurons. Scientists believe that for every ten billion cells in the body, one billion of them are neurons. Can you see a square?Scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology discovered that an area of the bra in previously thought to process only simple visual information also tackles complex images such as optical illusions. Research, conducted with animals, provided evidence that both the simple and more complex areas of the brain are involved in different aspects of vision and work cooperatively, rather than in a rigid hierarchy, as scientists previously believed. The Scientists compare vision to an orchestra, where clusters of cells in different parts of the brain cooperate to process different components of visual information such as vertical or horizontal orientation, color, size, shape, movement, and distinctions between overlapping objects. The MIT research focused on an area of the cerebral cortex, the outer layer of gray matter that envelops the entire brain called the primary visual cortex, also known as V1 and Area 17 of the brain. In humans that area is about five centimeters in diameter, about the size of four postage stamps and a couple millimeters deep on both sides of the rear of the head, just below the crown. The V1 area is the first point of entry in the brains cortex of visual information from the eyes retina. Earlier the V1 was thought to be involved only in processing very simple spatial orientations, such as whether an object is placed vertically or horizontally, but not whether that object is a pencil or a finger. Using o ptical imaging techniques to record visual responses in cats, the researchers found that V1 can also process optical illusions and other complex images. The researchers said the same is likely to be true in the V1 area of the human brain. For example, if a person takes a sheet of notebook paper with horizontal lines and places an identical sheet as close as possible to the right of it and slightly lower, the lines on both pages wont connect in a continuous straight line. Yet the brains visual processing system will try to fill the space between the two sets of real lines by creating an optical illusion known as a subjective contour (see next picture). Subjective contours are higher-level visual functions that involve the brains understanding the context and relationship of the images, not just the static placement of one set of lines next to another. Another example is a telephone: a handset may obscure part of the phone base under it, but the brains visual processes will see both t he handset and the entire phone base as two distinct objects that belong together. It is also believed that V1 could also be the site of filling-in, another function traditionally thought to be high-level. Filling-in is when the brain compensates for a lack of information in one area of the visual field by making an educated guess from information elsewhere in the visual field. It explains why patients with small lesions dont see black spots, and why you are not aware of your blind spot. An example of Subjective ContourAs for practical applications, our brain and eye are most effective when dealing with the contrasts of objects and movement. This is one of the distinguishing abilities that the sight of mammal predators (such as ourselves) possess. A factor in this ability is the placement of our eyes. When we look at something, each eye focuses on the object and the convergence angle of the two eyes is what we use to judge distance. Our ancestors used this ability to see the range a nd motion contrast of potential prey. The modern importance of 3D vision can be demonstrated in this simple experiment. Give a friend a tennis ball and have them stand ten to fifteen feet away from you. With both of your eyes open, have your friend toss you the ball. Now catch it with one hand. Easy right? Now try covering one eye with one hand and catching the ball again. Not so easy this time! This is a demonstration of how the eyes work together to give us depth perception. This relates to flying when the pilots eyes try to judge the distance and direction of an aircraft far off on the horizon. The aircraft is so far away that our eyes cant converge on the image and both eyes make almost parallel lines of sight. The aircrafts true direction cannot be determined at this distance either, even if the aircraft or speck for that matter, is moving to the left or right, the true direction (i.e. coming or going) cannot be determined either. A hazard of this situation is when the aircraft seen on the horizon is dismissed as being too far away to be a factor, but happens to be a directly approaching F-16 flown by an infallible air force pilot! Along with its vulnerability to illusions, our brain loves to take short cuts. It wants to file everything as simply and quickly as it can. This is one reason that illusions work on us. While otherwise occupied, the brain usually takes in information at face value and works from there. Here is a written example: A father and his son are driving to a baseball game when their car stalls on the train tracks. The train that was coming hits the car, kills the father and injures the son. The son is immediately rushed to the hospital. The boy is on the operating table when the doctor walks in and, upon seeing the boy mutters, ?I cant operate on this boy, hes my son.? How can this be? The answer to this riddle lies in a prejudice our brain forms. It says that doctors are men and nurses are women. If this riddle worked on you, your brai n took the shortcut of filing the doctor as a man. Average pilots are creatures of habit, following checklists, performing uniform walkaround preflights and flying to familiar airports generally the same way each time. What may manifest from these habitual tasks is complacency. Take for example a pilot who flies a routine VFR night flight to and from the same airports. During the routine cruise leg on a particularly cold and clear night, the pilot leans forward to take a moment to admire the bright stars all around her (Oh, its a woman-pilot! There you go again!). After settling back down in the seat, she resets the nose for the horizon and continues her flight. Several minutes go by and she realizes that she is suddenly 1500 feet below her desired altitude. How could this be? When our pilot sat back down she reset the nose for what she thought was the horizon. However she actually set the nose for city lights below/closer than several distant white streetlights that she mistook for stars. The routine of leveling off and continuing the cruise is done so often that we sometimes become complacent and make assumptions. In conclusion, if we are better prepared and more alert we are less likely to be deceived by optical illusions. Through communication, improved planning and a pilot/co-pilot configuration (two sets of eyes), illusions can be averted and made logic of, and can also provide valuable lessons and experience instead of harsh consequences. BibliographyCharles Darwin, The Origin of the Species (New York: The New American Library Of World Literature,1958), pg. 168. .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 , .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .postImageUrl , .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 , .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2:hover , .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2:visited , .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2:active { border:0!important; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2:active , .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2 .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc6c1b192185e249abf95b537e1dabdc2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Problem Solving (school dress code) EssayChangeux, Jean Pierre, ?Chemical Signaling in the Brain?, Scientific American, November 1993, pgs. 58-61Cobb, Vicki, How To Really Fool Yourself, New York City: Lippincott Junior Books, 1981, pg. 10-25Encyclopedia Americana, 1972 edition, ?The Eye?, Author Unknown, pg. 230-31 Encyclopedia Americana, 1972 edition, ?Illusions?, Author Unknown, pg. 235-37 Encyclopedia Britannica, 1991 edition, ?The Brain?, Author Unknown, pg. 147-49Maguire, Jack, Care and Feeding of the Brain, New York City: Doubleday Press, 1990 pg. 11-16Paraquin, Charles H., The Worlds Best Optical Illusions, New York City: Sterling Publishing Co., 1987, pg. 16, 24, 31-35 Restak, M.D., Richard, The Brain, New York City: Bantam Books, 1984, pg. 49Sharp, Pat, Brain Power, New York: Lothrop, Lee ; Shepard Books, 1984, pg. 84Wertenbaker, Lael, The Eye, Window to the World, Washington, D.C.: U.S. News Books, 1981, pg. 17-18

Tent Pole Blockbuster Titanic Essay Example For Students

Tent Pole Blockbuster Titanic Essay Titanic appeals to everyone in a certain age group. This is known as a tent pole film. A tent pole film is a four quadrant movie that attracts all four of the general quadrants of the movie going audience. According to an article on film website Indiewire, the four quadrants of the audience all have very specific needs concerning the content of a film. Typical females under 25 like films where a girl falls in love, with decent romance scenes. Females over 25 prefer doomed love and triumphs of the human spirit. On the other hand, males under 25 like explosions, blood, poop jokes and sex, but not in a romantic way. Males over 25 like darker films, classic genres such as westerns and war movies. Throughout the film, the theme of love is presented, which capture females under 25’s attention, between Jack and Rose. The director focused on a fictional love story which draws a huge audience to watch this film instead of a boring historical movie that is just based on the history of Titanic. The scene of which Jack dies ends up being one of the most emotionally powerful scene which shatters young females emotion, giving them the feeling that Jack sacrifices himself to save his love of his life, Rose. This particular scene is one of the most touching, it has the ability to melt a million girl’s hearts over Jack’s death. Also having an insanely handsome actor such as Leonardo Dicaprio, appear in the film helps grab young female audiences to watch the film by obsessing over a celebrity crush. Study shows that females over 25 hates seeing child in danger, therefore Titanic has created a safe environment where they put a lot of effort towards keeping child being safe. For example, when the ship’s beginning to stinks, A crew worker asked Captain Smith who should be allow to evacuate on the dinghies, the captain explicitly issued an order for women and children to be saved first, which enforce protection regarding to childrens safety. Another example was when Cal saw a little girl crying behind the barriers all on her own, he ignore her at first, but as the movie continues Cal showed humility and went back to save the little girls life, in addition of his own skin. Nevertheless, it does illustrate children being saved. On the other hand, Males under 25 pay much more attention towards action with the realistic contents. The director did this by adding intense action scene as soon as the ship hits the iceberg, the amount of speed, death and harm was caused during the scene when the ship was about to fully over stink. Cameron created a blurred line between reality and illusion where he did an excellent job distinguishing different types of deaths, such as painless death, where people stay in their own cabin drifting off to sleep, horror death, where some people got shot by the crew workers, long angle shot leading death, where it show bodies dropping from a high angle into the water and electric death where crew workers get shock from the electric by trying to shut the ship down. This creates action within the film where it quickly exhaust young male audience base because they tend to ignore the fact that it’s a real event which is supposed to be historical . Young males also admire watching sexual contents, therefore the director forced on a elegant nude scene where audiences can see Rose modelling, naked half naked lying down on a couch wearing a necklace as Jack draws the portrait. Older men aged over 25 are more interested in historical contents. .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c , .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .postImageUrl , .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c , .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c:hover , .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c:visited , .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c:active { border:0!important; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c:active , .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3e293e4286e96428fa1b437e4e07d6c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Exploring Transitions in Educating Rita EssayThey rather learn about the captain to find out about why he was going too fast, hearing about the engineering and wanting historical truth. The director provides an overview of the period time from the late 20th century through the film, he used many historical perspectives on what actually happened during the whole event for instance Captain Smith and the story of the band who continued playing as the ship sank, all of whom lost their lives. Titanic was an effective tent pole film. Titanic represents perfect property due to budget growth from commercial soundtrack â€Å"My heart will go on by Celine Dion†, publicity, and promotion with entertainment industry news, and box office. For example Pearl Harbour is known as an epic historical American war film however according to reviewers, Pearl Harbour has no sense of history, strategy or context. Pearl Harbour tried to do exactly the same thing as Titanic such as big budget, historical tragedies, good looking actors, love and action but at the end, it was pretty widely condemned by critics and audiences. In the film Titanic, the director has shown a huge contrasting divide between rich and poor passengers. He related this portrayal primarily among the two main characters, Rose and Jack. Throughout most of the film, James Cameron represents the rich as oppressive, rude and arrogant while the poor are seen as joyful, brave and wise. Around the beginning of the film, poor people have to go through a health inspection before they are allowed in the ship, whereas the rich just go straight on board from their fancy gold car, because they were wealthy they would not have any health condition. Also during the beginning, rich people are able to walk comfortably on board with their pets and get friendly greetings from the crew workers in a personal white ram that has a label saying â€Å"For passenger traffic only. † This means that the ram is only for royal passengers. However the poor people are stuffed together, trying to get in with their belongings before the ship leaves. This shows the difference between the historical accuracy towards rich and poor people that were treated during 1912. In the middle of the film, Rose finally understands that poor people were ten times happier than the rich people. Cameron displays this by contrasting the differences between rich and poor during each party that Rose and Jack attend. Rich people are portrayed as boring and ignorant, they spend their time greeting others and talking about business and politics while smoking and drinking alcohol. For example, when Jack was invited to the Rose expensive dinner, He learnt to greet others politely but soon as Cal and Rose’s mother came down from the stairs, Cal was being a total jerk by ignoring Jack which symbolizes that all the rich people on the ship. He is the upper classes. On the other hand, poor people were entertaining, vivacious and caring, instead of doing nothing all day like the rich people, poor people were more alive where theyre surrounded in warm lighting dancing to Irish genre instrumental together with full of enjoyment and laughter. Cameron has created this division intentionally for the audience because it makes the story appeal more real estate where he made poor look good and rich look like terrible, to portray artificial divide between good and evil/rich. Audiences tend to not focus about who’s good or bad. They dont like complexity or moral grey areas, they prefer how it feel to get swept away. On the occasion, Titanic exhibit that rich people has greater benefit than the poor people. In particular when Titanic hit the iceberg, the poor people in the lower class were the first one to be affected due to the wet ground because their accommodation were near the bottom of the ship. Also, when the lower class people tried to escape there were many rats running, this means that the lower class passengers live in a bad condition environment. The huge disadvantage towards the lower classes was the amount of support they had, since it was hard for them to find their way to the top. .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b , .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .postImageUrl , .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b , .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b:hover , .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b:visited , .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b:active { border:0!important; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b:active , .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c29be4d246a284422ce234ffef8ad3b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The film American Beauty EssayCameron added scenes where they were locked in their own deck when the ship begins to stink while the first class passengers were able to escape first. First class passengers were physically closer up the top therefore it was easier to get to the lifeboats than the lower classes, giving them quicker way access. In addition, when the ship started to stink, Cameron no longer presents equality among the rich and poor classes together. For instance when Cal shoved money into Captain Murdoch coal to get him safe on the lifeboat, Murdoch quickly and without thinking rejects his offer and walked off. Later on when Cal demanded the captain his deal, the captain grabbed the money from his pocket and threw it on Cal face and said â€Å"Your money cant save you anymore that can save me. † This shows that being able to live is much more important that money, since money cannot buy you everything and theres time where money is meaningless and not powerful. Comparison between rich and poor was shown through how poor people are more considerate of others since they know how tough life can get while rich people believe that money can get them anywhere. Bibliography: http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/inside-a-hollywood-studio-movie-marketers-playbook http://books.google.co.nz/books?id=q1Q8PlAnosQCpg=PA41lpg=PA41dq=Titanic+tent+polesource=blots=Yqvgxt2Htdsig=vFsXMuXSM_Uagd7RscyGtLBPHHghl=ensa=Xei=UhYgU5WeFsvbkAXosYAwved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=Titanic tent polef=false http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/pearl-harbor-2001

The Relationship Between Employee and Employer

Introduction The purpose of this paper is to analyze the ethical implications of the relationship of employee and employer in the areas of employee drug testing, restricting internet use at the workplace, and spying on internet activity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Employee and Employer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper also concentrates on employers’ behavior as they emails of employees, and monitoring the whereabouts of employees by fitting location microchips on company vehicles they might drive. However, this report focuses on the perspective of the UAE and other Middle East countries to discuss the relationship between employers and employees, workplace environment, and ethical issues related with monitoring process and privacy of the employees. Background to UAE Ethical Implications Stier (2007 p. 1) pointed out that the ethical business standards of United Arab Emirates are in the most alarming stage identifying its position at the bottom line for which the liability goes to the regulators and legislation including its business communities. It has also mentioned that the corporations working in the business environment of UAE[1] are mostly aligned with corruption irregularities and non-compliance with the existing code of conduct. Moreover the rule that govern the existing employer and employees relation has amalgamated with the religious values that suppressed to standardize the practice as per criteria of western developed countries. In the business operation of this region has been associated with very higher extend of bribing, red tap of bureaucracy and this is the picture of almost all Middle East countries. Moreover lack of democratic practice, US obedient monarchy has mostly criminalized the over all employer and employees relationship both in public and private sector of this area. Investigation with several ministry and public wo rks department of UAE has evidenced such horrible though the government of UAE has set up its vision to establish the country as a world class business center of this era complying with global standards and ethic. Rather than the oil sector, government has emphasized on non-oil sectors like finance, tourism, and real estate at the top of its priority to achieve its ambitions objectives. Due to open global integration, large expatriate hub, and most promising reformation of public policies has flourished the opportunity to take advantage of globalization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Islamic Ethical Model of UAE Ali (2010) mentioned that changing economic reality of Middle East countries due to oil exploration has turn out to be a prevailing factor to reconfiguration of Human Resource management policies and practices where the insufficiency of competent HR[2] including th e environment of market constitution is a most influential dilemma of economic growth. Consequently, UAE including other Middle East countries have aligned to hire their HR from south Asian Countries like Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. Corporations are more than ever pressure to engage skilled employees to gain competitive advantage over their competitors while the question of organizational endurance and continuous growth of revenue are closely allied with effectual HR management. The concurrent economic reality of UAE has driven the business community to develop well structured HR policies and strategic attitude complying with organizational objectives to face the challenge of globalization both in home and abroad. The quick changing global trend of capitalism has shifted the western developed countries to maintain an ethical standard of HRM and following instance of development, the less developed countries are inspired integrate those models of capitalist structure that has placed new challenge to traditional business operation concepts in UAE and the other Middle East Countries. These Islamic countries kept their continuous effort to prove their supremacy of religious values arguing with the Islamic model of human resource and ethical practice. The Islamic model of HR and ethical practice has deliberated to deal with HRM factors in accordance with Islamic values and prescriptions that has guided by the holy Quran along with the verses of Mohamed, the founder of Islam including the Islamic philosophers of old age. The practice of HR and ethical standards of this era has been introduced by the theoreticians of other religions like Christianity and Judaism, arguing such lame excuses, the Islamic theoreticians would like to encounter with modern theories with old and radical perceptions. Without considering the knowledge as a power with out border and race, they engaged their efforts not integrate Islamic norms and values within the applicable th eories of modern business. Chapra (1983) investigated the business prescriptions of Islamic values and urged to rethink the existing sensitivity of human resources and offered impending requirement for conservation workplace ethic and dignity devoid of negotiating with the business community’s demand in terms of Islamic direction. Islamic judgment and philosophy of work has presented an obvious and transparent views keeping emphasis on labor that is viewed as an essential wealth of accomplishing balance of life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Employee and Employer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This philosophy considers work as a compulsory action as well as a good feature in illumination of involving human to balance among the society and him to gain eternal and spiritual emancipation. It has guided that the people would work honestly complying with the Islamic law and god wou ld all the time observe him whether he did any unethical task or not and in this way he will gain honest earning to lead his livelihood. Islam has given the work a leveling with religious virtues, it has made the worker obedient to it employer where there is no provision of negotiation, unionism or democratic practice to gaining workers rights. Thus it motivates workers to be happy with the salaries without raising any question to his employer, which may consider most contributing economic actions for the employer and the society. Undeniably the Islamic model of human resource and ethical practice has also aligned with spiritual and realistic features of workers that are based up on an idealistic groundwork named as â€Å"Ehsan† which pointed towards an extensive impression of combined and relational amalgamation of kindness, forgiveness, justice, amnesty, open-mindedness, impartiality and special treatment. Thus such idealism without having modern ethical standards could mit igate short run labor conflict but in long run it can spoil the existing social system and may urge for global standard code of conduct rather than the old. Employee Drug Testing The employers have some legal rights to test for drugs in employees though they have to maintain some formal process, for instance, they cannot carry on such test without permission of the employees and they must be aware the consent issues. In this context, the employers would not be liable if they include the provision of drug testing in the terms and conditions of employment contract or in the company handbook, though they have to ensure that the process of testing would not create any unusual condition of health issue that means the process have to be safe for employees. However, the employers have limited scope to perform such test frequently while the employees joined in the organization after passing such test and it is a sensitive issue for the staff of the organisation, so this test has to be genui ne and not hazardous or discriminatory for them.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this context, there should have written policy to inform that the entire process would carry on by considering privacy issues, occupational health and safety issues and some other related factors. On the other hand, the employees have enough opportunity to refuge the drug testing when the process would not consider but the employers can take action for this refusal when they would maintain above-mentioned criteria like previous contact, health and safety issues, and no discrimination. Here, it is important to mention that different organizations take different approach to test drug, so most of the researcher argued that drug testing should not carry out in the workplace while it can adversely affect the health of others, or the employees can lose their confidence on the policy though it has enough significance to control the company. However, there are mainly two form of testing such as pre-employment and post-hiring testing while the former one deals with for those who are selec ted in the interview and move on to the next stair in becoming an employee of that firm; in such case employer may recommend a specific center for testing. However, the selected person might not be recruited if he refuge to test from the particular area or health care center. Most of the cases, the problem arise at the time of post-hiring drug testing while employers tests staff for drugs in terns of routine check or random testing; this test also carry on if the employers have any doubt by observing the performance of the staff create such confusion; so, they can fire the employees in this stage for refusal. However, Andre Velasquez (2011) many employees may refuge to test for privacy reasons, for instance, some time the supervisor terminates the computer and come to the employees with a small bottle to give urine small and the employees may refuse as they had no idea about the significance or they have some other personal problems. On the other hand, some employees have to take i nhaler or some other drugs according the prescription of the doctor but the employees fail to explain the valid reason of the testy result as every thing happen suddenly, which must create ethical dilemmas. However, the employers of Dubai show zero tolerance to the drug users due to Islamic prohibition on the use of drugs and the workplace environment can be polluted for the addicted staff as their behavior has changed accordingly. On the other hand, the UAE labor law 2010 strictly prohibited the use of drugs in workplace and Article No.120 stated that employer of the United Arab Emirates can terminate an employee according to this law if the employee is found in a state of â€Å"drunkenness or under the influence of a drug during working hours†. However, migrant employees have to face this check in the airport as well as in the workplace and the employer would fire or terminate the job contract if the migrant staff fail in drug test or refuge them to check. Though there are some controversy related with drug testing but it should carry on because employers have some duty to ensure healthy working atmosphere with the help of supervisors of the organization. In this debate, the supporter of the drug-addicted employees would like to say that more than 44% of total employees are regularly take drugs; so employee turnover rate would be increase for random testing, which must effect on the companies profit as it should require huge fund to recruit and train new employees (Andre Velasquez, 2011). At the same time, the supporter of the employers argued that the corruption in corporate level would high and the social balance would destroy if the employees take prohibited drugs and employers take no action against their behavior. Therefore, the employers get some advantages if any legal issues arise because employers have huge opportunity to exclude liability in the issues of privacy and they argue that employees have no option to take unfair advantages while I slamic and government regulation concentrates on the health and safety issues if all employees of the industry. The employers also stated that other normal employees would be inspired to take harmful products and arrange events outside the organization if they take no action against the drug users, which may increase the risk of criminal activities, property damage, and corporate crime and so on. The employers of the Middle East countries are too strict to the drug addicted, as a result, the rules and regulation of this zone is almost similar and strict; most of the time goes favor to the employers in case of prohibited drugs. For instance, according to the article 84 of Federal Law No 8, for 1980 clearly specified that the workers get no remuneration for sick leave if the sickness is the direct consequence of personnel’s misconduct like consumption of alcohol or sedative drugs; this provision seems unethical to some researchers but it is a real threat for the consumers and s uppliers. However, Gulf Talent (2007, p.21) stated that Federal Law No 8 not only concentrated on the employees who take drugs but also focused on the suppliers of this prohibited goods in the Article no 99 by stating that it would be unlawful for the employers, delegates or any other person to permit prohibited goods like wine in the workplace. On the other hand, Ministral order no 28/1 of 1981 provided a guide for employees in making disciplinary code and it included several provisions and stated that drug misuse increases the chances of accidents at work and reduces the productivity; so it must affect they profitability of the industry and employers can impose capital punishment for breach of code. Though, Article 153 included a defense for the drug users; therefore, the employees would get a single chance to prove his position in case of sickness or misconduct by showing medical reports or prescriptions; in addition, it gave guidelines who aiding, abetting, and inspiring the use rs. Al-Kabbi (2001, p.26) researched on the workplace safety issues in the construction industry where he provided data to show the cause of death and injury of the employees, but it is notable that more than 340 employees of construction industry of UAE had died for the car accidents in 2000 and most of the case it happened for drunkenness. The rule of Saudi Arabia is stricter than the UAE as there are too many evidence where long sentences for drug related offence; for instance, the expatriates and local employees may convicted for position and consumption of drugs in workplace and death penalty may impose for drug trafficking though there is no specific rule for employees drug testing. At the same time, Shete (2010, p.4) reported that alcohol, drugs and prohibited substances are illegal in accordance with the rules and regulation of Kuwait and consuming and trafficking such goods is the subject of criminal jurisdiction, so the employers of this country may bring charge under crim inal law if the employees violate these rules. Spying on Internet Activity: E-Mail and Computer Monitoring Most employees anticipate certain amount of monitoring at workplace by employers as this is important for them to accomplish their responsibilities with regard to health and safety issues; however, where monitoring embroils taking data or images with the help of e-mailing or CCTVs, the rising privacy concerns starts to compile giving birth to the question of ethical practices at workplace. The employers possess a right to monitor the worker’s use of e-mails, the company’s PCs, and predominantly the use of Internet whilst he is at job in order to protect their assets, increase employee-productivity, and ensure that workers do not engage in harassing, unpleasant, or aggressive behaviors; but this should be carried out carefully to avoid infringing employees’ privacy rights. To ensure ethical practices and good relationship between an employee and employer, th e amount of monitoring should be clear from the part of the employer in the contract or company-handbook; in addition, a staff under surveillance should be aware about the matter with clear indication about the workplace practices and ethical standard of behavior (International Law Office, 2002). In order to come up with a healthy affiliation at workplace it is important to prohibit any attempt to appropriate the employer’s trade-secrets or copyrighted-information, or to disable or compromise the security of information contained in computers; conversely, the employer should make clear that passwords has deliberated merely to prevent outsiders from obtaining access to information on the employer’s system. In Saudi Arabia, E-technology is a budding concept in the business environment; nevertheless, the Saudis do appreciate that whilst email and the Internet can unquestionably make the workplace proficient, worker could mistreat and generate lawful-liabilities for employ ers to the revaluate their private information connected to the bureaucracies – however, in many cases; employees remain under threat about violation of their privacies. Presently, UAE law does not address such issues with strict lawful barriers – while the UAE Labor Law does not offer workers’ right to privacy with regard to emailing-activities, it also does not set restrictions on supervising worker’s use of e-technology; however, the lack of specific laws or regulations on the issue means that the UAE will apply Article 31. Article 31 of the country’s Constitution states that â€Å"independence of communication by post, wire or other modes of contacts, and the confidentiality thereof, will be assured in accord to the law†; however, in the absence of any court rulings on the issue, it is almost unfeasible to evaluate the strength of this argument. Restricting internet use at the workplace As there is no strict rule in the Middle East count ries to control internet use by the employees in workplace, these countries should consider the perspective of developed countries to find our the valid reason of restriction of internet use in the workplace, opinion of the employees, and what is the outcomes of such restriction. According to the survey report of Woods (2011), more than 74% of total employers limit internet access for the personnel somehow, about 72% employers use software to defend pornographic websites, at least 48.0% of employers disabled social networking sites, and 30.0% employers blocked the YouTube option, 27.1% blocked news channel and very few of them allowed search engines like yahoo. However, Woods (2011) further addressed that the employers have to take such decision in order to increase productivity as the employees waste their valuable time in visiting pornographic sites or involves in chatting in facebook while companies have to pay hourly basis, which also increase the production costs of the company . On the other hand, Woods pointed out the views of employees as they had different view in this issue, for instance, around 30% of total employees stated that it creates difficult situation for them, a significant parts more than 80% of employees they feel no interest to working in office, and only 6% of employees supported the decision of employers. Most of the employers believed that restriction would not create any moral dilemma while the employees misuse the innovation of technology and employers take actions to boost the output level, but Sussman (2011) criticized this traditional view and raised the question that whether the firms should restrict internet use in workplace or not. In many cases, the employers of UAE restricted the internet accession considering the production level of the company but the employees of Abu Dhabi and Dubai are too smart, as they are interested to purchase software like VPN, Skype and so on in order to unblock the protected sites. However, Noueihe d (2008) pointed out that the famous UAE telecommunication network Etisalat had blocked pornographic, gambling, social networking sites and other accession in sensitive sites by stating technology helps us to communicate promptly and gives numerous advantages, but misuse of internet may adversely affect moral, social, political, Muslim faith, and cultural values of this country. Here, it is important to mention that the government of this country upholds Muslim tradition; therefore, the people has to follow many rules and regulation, such as, a person would be liable for gambling and sex outside of marriage, so the restriction of internet use would not affect the moral dilemma in this country and both parties would appreciate it. However, Noueihed (2008) would like to say that the employers should allow social networking sites in order to inspire the employees because the flow of technology has already touched this country though the government and policy makers always tried to filt er the websites and restrict the press. The employees are not aware about their rights of accession, and they have to suffer other sever problems, so, there are many provisions in the Labor Laws in the UAE, but lack of awareness due to poor educational attributes they have not yet been enjoyed the rights of their workplace legislation. Monitoring Employees Company Vehicles with Microchips Brandon (2003) mentioned that the UAE has introduced GPS microchips firstly for scheduling and loading containers at its both sea and airports for global service and it become capable offer commercial use of GPS to the companies to endow with solutions to human resource management, ecological management, transportation expansion and the country placed it self at the leadership position for such microchips in 2000. You ACC Docket (2009) presented the logic that when an employer sent his employee to the port, but the he has gone to his own residence and staying at home he is explaining the lame excus es for his delaying. How the employer overcomes such stupid practice of his employees or if the employee occurs any massive accident for his own purpose, he may impose burden on the employer. To overcome such dilemmas some employer are eager to have an innovative solution to prevent employee’s fraudulent action by tracking his actual location. The necessity of tracing employees has become significant in for this era due to the raising needs of the corporations, though the employees and their unions identify it an unethical drive. Most of the UAE employers are eager to determine their employees whether they are acting with perfection or not to ensure right use of resources for them. They argue that tracking is further significant while the employee is on the company vehicle or going for sales drive to keep close attention on employers, but the dilemma rises as the employees never willing to be monitored and violation of privacy rights. Most of the UAE employers strongly argue that the awareness of business interest is at the top rather than any personal liking or disliking and for effectual operation of the business all employees must be guarded accordingly with out any favor or disfavor. Brandon (2003) added that it has evidenced there are huge companies offering GPS microchips to monitoring the employees while all of them are technologically sound to instigate Global Position Systems[3] for their clients which may fitted in the company vehicle, ID card or any here else. On the other hand, a number of employers are using Radio Frequency Identification[4] microchips to monitoring their employees for investigation and compliance with the work standard. By using such microchip set the UAE employees already evidenced that some of the outdoor workforce are performing second job or alternative business activity and even going to cinema or sleeping at home which are unethical manner for a competent employee. Pagnattaro (2008) pointed out that the employers are violating employees privacy by using tiny microchips in the vehicle, on in ID card, or wrist watch wile the microchips are capable to generate radio waves for warless applied to track employees. In door of the vehicle this microchips are placed, in the crowded workplace or company cafeteria microchips are surrounded staff ID to controlled right of entry to the employer’s premises without his concern and generate notorious data to maintain to regulation employees by breaking principles of privacy, some survey evidenced that none of the employees appreciate this nonsense. The study of ethical practice at workplace has guided opportunity to grant employees privacy, meanwhile European Union has restricted to use this type of microchips data transmission limit for not to braking the privacy of employees and to ensure standard of workplace environment. Pagnattaro (2008) further argued that UAE also faced to enhance its workplaces standard by ensuring the monitoring limit to a tole rance level for instance just to ensure attendance, identification without any unauthorized data capture about the employee’s violation his/ her privacy. Even they suggest for not to preserve any server for long time, which may hinder anyone’s personal life or carrier, such view are almost EU standard implication rather than Islamic models of HR. Other Unethical Instance at UAE Dubai FAQ (2011, p. 1) mentioned that the employers of UAE are sizing the passports of the employees to prevent high rate of employees’ turnover. The passport of an employee is the property of the issuing government and the holder of this travel document is authorized to keep it in his custody. It is illegal in context of UAE labor law to sizing any employee’s passport, but the practice of such illegal activity has become as a tradition to bind the foreign workers under slavery and there is none to protect the employee’s rights. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can b e concluded that the employers enjoyed more power in case of drug testing and there are many valid reasons to say that it is essential to ensure workplace safety though the relationship between employers and employees may destroy due to random testing. However, labor law of UAE strictly prohibited to consume drug in the work place, Law of Saudi Arabia imposed sever penalty for the employees and other Middle East countries like Kuwait also included this issue in the regulation. However, spying on internet activity like e-mail and computer monitoring should not be allowed considering privacy issues but the low of UAE and other Middle East does not address such issues with strict lawful barriers. Reference List ACC Docket (2009). Tracking Employees Using Technology. Retrieved from http://www.abramslaw.com/CM/Articles/Tracking-Employees-Using-Technology.pdf Al-Kabbi, N. S. (2001). Improving Safety Performance in Construction Site Operations in the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved from ht tp://etd.ohiolink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/AlKaabi%20Noura.pdf?osu1170790080 Andre, C. Velasquez, M. (2011) This is a Test: The Dilemmas of Drug Testing. Retrieved from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v1n1/test.html Brandon, J. M. (2003). The Global Positioning System: Global Developments And Opportunities. Retrieved from http://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/working_papers/ipr-id06.pdf Chapra, M. U. (1983). Islamic Work Ethics, Al-Nahdah: Muslim News and Views. Retrieved from http://www.kantakji.com/fiqh/Files/Companies/w145.pdf Dubai FAQ (2011). Employers keeping workers passports in Dubai and UAE. Retrieved from http://www.dubaifaqs.com/passport-keeping-employer-uae.php Gulf Talent. (2007). UAE Labour Law. Retrieved from http://www.gulftalent.com/repository/ext/UAE_Labour_Law.pdf International Law Office (2002). E-commerce – United Arab Emirates: Employers Must Take Initiative to Monitor E-technology Use. Retrieved from http://www.internationallawoffice.com/Newsletters /detail.aspx?g=4a8ddbd1-b428-42bb-b7bd-b8e9ba4b10d2 Noueihed, L. (2008). UAE’s du starts restricting Internet access. Retrived from http://uk.reuters.com/article/2008/04/14/emirates-internet-idUKL1414429020080414 Pagnattaro, M. A. (2008). Getting under Your Skin—Literally: RFID In The Employment Context Journal Of Law. Retrieved from http://www.jltp.uiuc.edu/archives/pagnattaro.pdf Shete, P. (2010). Labor and Employment Desk Book. Retrieved from http://www.google.co.uk/url?q=http://www.lexmundi.com/Document.asp%3FDocID%3D1342%26SnID%3D2sa=Uei=XySaTYKgOY64vQPNxbDnCwved=0CCQQFjAEusg=AFQjCNEKza18DUukawT05i5F2cAn1rP_Dw Stier, K. (2007). Merck’s Dubai Ethics Center. Retrieved from http://www.policyinnovations.org/ideas/innovations/data/DERC# Sussman, R. (2011). Should companies be restricting internet access at work? Retrieved from: http://memeburn.com/2010/11/should-companies-be-restricting-internet-access-at-work/ Woods, D. (2011). Most UK Companies Continue Restri ct Internet Access. Retrieved from http://www.hrmagazine.co.uk/hro/news/1019191/most-uk-companies-continue-restrict-internet-access Footnotes United Arab Emirates Human Resource GPS RFID This essay on The Relationship Between Employee and Employer was written and submitted by user Tyrell W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.